Matera
Full City Guide, Map & 122 Things To Do
59,685 people live here.
That's 0.1% of the entire population of Italy.
Matera is a mesmerising destination renowned for its ancient cave dwellings known as the Sassi. Carved directly into the golden limestone of a deep ravine, these historic neighbourhoods make the city one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world. Visitors are instantly captivated by the labyrinth of narrow alleys, hidden staircases, and rupestrian churches adorned with fading Byzantine frescoes. Once considered a symbol of extreme poverty in the mid twentieth century, Matera has undergone an astonishing rebirth, transforming its abandoned caves into luxurious hotels, boutique shops, and vibrant cultural spaces. Recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage site and a former European Capital of Culture, the city offers a profound journey through thousands of years of human history. The breathtaking views across the Murgia plateau provide a cinematic backdrop that has inspired filmmakers and artists for decades.
Matera DNA
History of Matera
Matera did not begin with stone walls. It started as a series of scraped hollows in the porous calcarenite rock of the Gravina ravine. Paleolithic hunters found shelter in these natural voids, but the true feat of survival came later when inhabitants had to figure out how to capture rain. The rock is notoriously friable. People clawed deep into the earth to build the Palombaro lungo, a massive subterranean cistern sprawling beneath what is now Piazza Vittorio Veneto. Every drop of moisture had to be channeled through a painstaking network of gutters and subterranean chambers. It is an ancient triumph of engineering built entirely out of desperation. Count Giovan Carlo Tramontano learned the limits of local patience the hard way in the early sixteenth century. He thought he could extract endless taxes from the local population and commissioned a heavily fortified Aragonese castle outside the main settlement to keep a watchful eye on his subjects. The citizens tolerated his heavy hand until late 1514. As the Count left the Cathedral on a December evening, a mob ambushed and assassinated him in a side street, putting a permanent halt to the construction of his fortress. Castello Tramontano still sits on a hill above the modern centre, its two round towers stubbornly unfinished. That same fierce independence flared up again during the Second World War. In September 1943, Matera became the first city in southern Italy to take up arms against occupying Nazi forces. The retaliation was brutal, culminating in the destruction of the militia building, but the civilian uprising successfully forced the retreat of the occupying troops before Allied forces even arrived. Navigating the polished limestone steps of the Sassi today often involves a minor slip in the wrong shoes, yet these very paths carry the weight of those intense autumn days. By the mid twentieth century, the ancient districts of Barisano and Caveoso had become severely overpopulated. Fifteen thousand people were living alongside their livestock in damp caves without running water. Following a fierce national debate, the Italian government passed a 1952 law to forcibly evacuate the historic centre. Families were relocated to modernist concrete neighbourhoods like La Martella, designed by Ludovico Quaroni, leaving the old ravines completely silent for over three decades. Stray dogs roamed the deserted vicinati. The tide only turned in 1986 when new legislation funded a massive recovery effort, transforming abandoned grottoes into the studios and dwellings that now cling to the cliffside. The sky above the Murgia plateau has always dictated life here, but it occasionally delivers something entirely unexpected. On Valentine's Day in 2023, a meteorite streaked across the atmosphere and crashed directly into the northern outskirts of the city. Astronomers descended on the area to collect the rare fragments scattered across a residential balcony. The incident even earned Matera an official asteroid designation. Locals still gather on the rocky outcrop of the Civita at dusk, watching the warm artificial lights flicker on across the Sasso Caveoso just as the stars begin to appear over the ravine.
13 Events spanning 9023 years
Map of Matera
Interactive Destination & Itinerary Map
This map blends our curated city guides—featuring best photo spots, scenic walks, viewpoints, hidden gems and much more—with a live Wikipedia explorer. Click on our numbered pins to plan your routes, or zoom in on the surrounding neighborhoods to discover verified local landmarks, museums, and stories with dynamic Wikipedia summaries and photos!
Fun Facts
- • The city's striking resemblance to ancient Jerusalem has made it a favourite filming location for blockbuster movies, including Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ and the James Bond film No Time to Die.
- • During the month of December, the ancient stone streets are transformed into the largest live nativity scene in the world, featuring hundreds of costumed locals.
- • The local bread is traditionally baked in a distinct, mountain like shape meant to mimic the surrounding landscape, and its unique preparation keeps it fresh for well over a week.
- • In 1943, the city made history as the first in southern Italy to rise up against Nazi occupation, an act of bravery that earned it a medal for military valour.
- • After a meteorite dramatically crashed into a local balcony on Valentine's Day in 2023, the International Astronomical Union officially named asteroid 9278 in honour of the city.
- • The city emblem features an ox with ears of wheat in its mouth, accompanied by a Latin motto translating to 'the tired ox plants his foot more firmly', symbolising the locals' peaceful but unyielding spirit against oppression.
Did You Know?
- • The area represents one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, with archaeological evidence of human presence dating back seamlessly to the Paleolithic era.
- • The ancient inhabitants engineered a highly sophisticated water collection system, utilising gravity and porous rock to filter and store rainwater in massive underground cisterns long before modern plumbing.
- • In 1993, the historic cave districts became the very first site in southern Italy to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
- • The surrounding ravine is home to over one hundred and fifty rupestrian churches, many of which contain impeccably preserved Byzantine frescoes painted directly onto the cave walls.
- • The dramatic transformation from being labelled a national disgrace in the 1950s to a celebrated European Capital of Culture has made the city a global benchmark for urban regeneration.
- • The architectural layout of the ancient districts is a prime example of early bioclimatic engineering, using the thermal mass of the earth to regulate temperatures naturally throughout the extreme summer and winter months.
RESOURCES
Official WebsiteVideos of Matera
Seasons
Spring
Spring is arguably the most beautiful time to visit the city and its surrounding landscape. The temperatures are mild and highly...
Summer
Summer brings intense heat to the exposed stone streets, meaning sightseeing is best done in the early mornings or late...
Autumn
As the intense summer heat subsides, the city returns to a much more relaxed, comfortable pace. The golden light of autumn...
Winter
Winter is generally quiet and chilly, with occasional dustings of snow that transform the ancient city into a breathtaking...
Top Attractions in Matera

Crypt of the Original Sin
Hidden within the rugged cliffs of the Gravina di Picciano, the Crypt of the Original Sin is a breathtaking masterpiece of early...
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Matera Cathedral
Perched on the highest ridge of the city, Matera Cathedral is a breath-taking landmark that bridges the gap between the two...
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Palombaro Lungo
Beneath the stones of Piazza Vittorio Veneto lies an architectural marvel that most visitors walk over without a second thought...
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Museum of Contemporary Sculpture Matera (MUSMA)
Nestled within the historic Palazzo Pomarici, the MUSMA offers an incredible dialogue between ancient stone and modern creative...
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Best Views
Matera Itineraries
TRIP PLANNER
3 Days Recommended
Three days provides the perfect amount of time to comfortably explore both the Barisano and Caveoso districts without rushing. It allows for a dedicated afternoon to hike across the ravine into the Murgia park for spectacular panoramic views. You will also have ample evenings to enjoy the incredible local cuisine and experience the magical illuminated cityscape at night.




1 Day in Matera: The Heart of the Sassi Itinerary
This tightly packed itinerary is designed for visitors who only have a single day to experience the absolute essence of the city. It focuses entirely on the central historic districts, ensuring you see the most iconic architecture, essential viewpoints, and significant subterranean engineering. The route is highly walkable but involves numerous stairs, so comfortable shoes are a must. It provides a comprehensive, breathtaking introduction to the history and visual drama of the ancient settlement.
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3 Days in Matera: Sassi, Murgia, and History Itinerary
Three days is the perfect amount of time to fully absorb the city's complex history without feeling rushed. This itinerary balances deep exploration of the ancient urban cave dwellings with an adventurous hike across the dramatic ravine. You will have time to delve into world class museums that explain the region's artistic and archaeological heritage. It allows for relaxed evenings enjoying the local culinary scene and partaking in the traditional evening stroll along the upper plateau.
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5 Days in Matera: Deep Dive Itinerary
For those who want to truly uncover every layer of this fascinating destination, a five day stay is highly rewarding. This extensive itinerary covers the classic architectural highlights while dedicating ample time to exploring the wider region, including tranquil nature reserves and significant hidden gems. It allows you to slow down, interact with local artisans, and fully appreciate the complex juxtaposition of primitive caves and elegant Baroque palazzos. It is the ultimate, unhurried cultural immersion.
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Food in Matera
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Free Things to do in Matera

Visit the Belvedere Viewpoints
Visitare i Belvedere
Wander the Sassi Alleyways
Passeggiare per i Sassi
Castle Park
Parco del Castello
Explore External Rupestrian Architecture
Esplorare l'Architettura Rupestre Esterna
Hike the Gravina Gorge
Escursione nella GravinaJohn Paul II Park
Parco Giovanni Paolo II
Parks & Nature

Murgia Materana Park
Step across the Tibetan bridge into a prehistoric landscape where time seems to stand still. The Parco della Murgia Materana...
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San Giuliano Regional Reserve
Tucked away near the ancient city of Matera, the San Giuliano Regional Reserve is a pristine sanctuary where nature and history...
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Highlights & Must-Sees

Cathedral Square
Situated at the very highest point of the rocky civita that divides the ancient city, this majestic square is the historic...
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Church of San Pietro Caveoso
Perched dramatically on the very edge of the steep Gravina gorge, this church is one of the most iconic and frequently...
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Vico Solitario Cave Dwelling
This impeccably preserved cave dwelling offers a poignant window into the daily lives of peasant families before the mass...
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Vittorio Veneto Square
This grand, elegant plaza serves as the bustling focal point linking the modern city with the ancient, subterranean districts...
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Best Walks in Matera

Piano Evening Promenade
This relaxing stroll takes place on the flat, upper plateau of the city, known locally as 'Il Piano'. It features elegant Baroque architecture, wide paved streets, and grand municipal buildings. It is the absolute centre of the city's social life, particularly during the traditional evening passeggiata. The route links several impressive plazas, each offering dramatic balconies that look down into the dark, twinkling valleys below. It is an effortless, elegant walk filled with the sounds of clinking glasses and lively conversation.
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDCivita and Barisano Path
This route navigates the northern ancient district and the central rocky spur that divides the city. The architecture here exhibits more intricate carved portals and built facades that conceal the caves behind them. The walk involves navigating steep staircases that connect the wealthy upper plateau with the densely packed lower neighbourhoods. It is an exploration of architectural evolution, showcasing the transition from primitive caves to elegant Renaissance styling. The atmosphere is slightly more developed and bustling with artisanal shops and cafes.
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDSasso Caveoso Circuit
This captivating walk takes you deep into the southern district of the ancient city, known for its amphitheatre like shape. The architecture here features more predominantly excavated caves rather than built structures, giving it a highly primitive and authentic feel. Strollers will wander down gently sloping paths, passing by historic cave dwellings and dramatic rock formations. The views looking upward towards the cathedral spire are consistently stunning. It is a slow, immersive journey into the very heart of the subterranean lifestyle.
Architecture & Landmarks

Convent of Saint Augustine
Perched dramatically on the very edge of a rocky spur overlooking the northern district, this monastic complex is a visual...
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Owned by the Italian National Trust, this beautifully restored noble residence offers a fascinating glimpse into aristocratic...
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Annunziata Palace
This massive, imposing eighteenth century structure commands the edge of the city's main square. Originally built to house a...
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Bernardini Palace
Dominating the skyline above the southern cave district, this imposing palace stands as a fortress of aristocratic power. Built...
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Markets & Shopping
Matera Nightlife
Photo Spots
Activities & Experiences
Cycling Routes

Appian Way Traces
This route traces the historical path of the ancient Roman Appian Way as it passed through the local territory. Cyclists will ride through a mix of open farmland, gentle valleys, and historic agricultural estates. It is a journey that connects significant archaeological and artistic sites hidden within the countryside. The ride offers a profound sense of history, allowing you to cycle on paths that have been used by merchants and armies for millennia. The scenery is pastoral, quiet, and deeply evocative of ancient Italy.

San Giuliano Lake Loop
This peaceful ride takes cyclists away from the stone city and into a lush, protected regional nature reserve. The route generally follows quiet country roads and gentle dirt tracks that circle the expansive artificial lake. The surrounding environment is incredibly green, providing a refreshing contrast to the arid limestone of the gorge. Riders will experience tranquil waterside views, dense forestry, and excellent opportunities to spot local wildlife. It is a highly relaxing journey perfect for a sunny afternoon.
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDMurgia Materana Plateau Trail
This awe inspiring ride takes you straight into the heart of the rocky, rugged landscape that faces the ancient city. Cyclists will navigate across the vast limestone plateau, surrounded by low shrubs and wild herbs. The defining feature of this route is the continuous, breathtaking views of the cave districts cascading down the opposite side of the ravine. The terrain can be rocky and requires some effort, but the cinematic vistas are unparalleled. It feels like riding through an ancient, biblical film set.
Self-Guided Tours
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDSubterranean Wonders Route
This fascinating journey uncovers the hidden depths of the city, focusing on what lies beneath the cobblestone streets. It explores the incredible engineering and primitive living conditions that defined the subterranean lifestyle. Visitors will discover vast water cisterns, historically accurate cave homes, and mysterious crypts. The tour highlights the ingenuity of ancient inhabitants who mastered survival in a harsh, rocky environment. It is a highly educational exploration of the literal foundations of the settlement.

Rupestrian Frescoes Discovery
The surrounding landscape is famously dotted with over one hundred and fifty rupestrian churches carved out by monks over centuries. This curated route visits the most significant and beautifully decorated of these cave sanctuaries. The focus is on the incredible, vividly coloured Byzantine frescoes that have survived against all odds on the damp rock walls. The tour explores the deep spirituality and artistic heritage that flourished in isolation. It is a quiet, contemplative journey into medieval religious art.

Cinematic City Tour
Because of its astonishing resemblance to ancient Jerusalem and its raw, timeless aesthetic, the city has been a favoured location for global filmmakers. This tour connects the most recognisable filming spots from major international blockbusters and classic Italian cinema. Walk in the footsteps of directors like Pier Paolo Pasolini and Mel Gibson, or envision high speed espionage chases from the recent James Bond film. The route highlights how the dramatic landscape translates onto the silver screen. It is an exciting, pop culture infused way to explore the ancient districts.
Annual Festivals & Events
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDFeast of the Madonna della Bruna
This magnificent event is the most important date on the local calendar, boasting a tradition that dates back to 1389. The celebration involves a mixture of deep religious devotion and chaotic pagan rituals dedicated to the patron saint. The absolute highlight occurs in the evening when a beautifully crafted, massive papier mâché chariot is paraded through the streets. Once it reaches the main square, the crowd excitedly attacks and completely destroys the chariot, tearing it apart to take home a piece for good luck. A spectacular fireworks display over the ravine concludes the long day of festivities.
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDLive Nativity in the Sassi
During the festive season, the ancient cave districts are transformed into the world's largest live nativity scene. Hundreds of local actors dress in period costumes to recreate the atmosphere of biblical Jerusalem along a carefully orchestrated route. Visitors walk through illuminated pathways, passing by traditional craftsmen, Roman soldiers, and shepherds tending to real animals. The natural aesthetic of the rock hewn architecture makes the experience feel incredibly authentic and deeply moving. It is a magical winter event that draws visitors from all over the country.
Gezziamoci Jazz Festival
Organised by the Onyx Jazz Club, this vibrant music festival brings the soulful sounds of jazz to the city's historic squares and hidden courtyards. While events are scattered throughout the year, the summer months feature the highest concentration of outdoor concerts. The festival attracts both renowned international artists and emerging local talents. Listening to smooth jazz echoing off the ancient limestone walls under a starlit sky is an unforgettable experience. It adds a sophisticated and lively rhythm to the warm southern nights.
Insider Tips
Standard national trains do not reach the city. You must take the Ferrovie Appulo Lucane narrow gauge train from Bari Centrale, which is situated just outside the main station building.
The ancient stone staircases have been polished smooth by centuries of footsteps and can be incredibly slippery. Always wear supportive shoes with excellent grip.
Avoid making the common mistake of thinking you are in the Puglia region. The locals are incredibly proud of their heritage in the Basilicata region.
When exploring the Murgia plateau across the ravine, start early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the intense midday sun, and always carry plenty of water.
Look out for the 'cuccù', a traditional, brightly painted ceramic whistle shaped like a rooster. It is considered a symbol of prosperity and makes for a perfect, authentic souvenir.
Do not leave without buying a loaf of the local IGP certified bread. It has a distinctive crust and crumb that is designed to stay fresh and delicious for several days.
PERFECT FOR
This destination is perfect for culture enthusiasts, history buffs, and photographers looking for truly unique landscapes. It offers a deeply romantic and atmospheric setting for couples seeking an offbeat getaway. Travellers who enjoy slow paced exploration, physical walks, and uncovering layers of ancient history will find it incredibly rewarding.
VIBE
Stepping into this city feels like wandering through a living nativity scene or an ancient, forgotten world. The golden limestone buildings glow warmly under the Mediterranean sun, creating a landscape that is both rugged and deeply romantic. At night, the illuminated cave dwellings twinkle across the ravine, completely blurring the line between the city and a starry sky.
Frequently Asked Questions about Matera
While we strive to keep this information accurate and up to date, we recommend verifying any details independently before making decisions based on them.
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