View of Assisi covered in fog

Assisi

Full City Guide, Map & 115 Things To Do

-1000 FOUNDED
3026 YEARS OLD
14°C
424m ELEVATION
POP. 0.05%

Assisi is built almost entirely from pietra rosa, a pink-tinged limestone quarried from Mount Subasio, which is why the town glows faintly rose-coloured at sunset. St. Francis was born here in 1182, and the Basilica di San Francesco holds two churches stacked one atop the other, the upper nave frescoed by Giotto with scenes from Francis's life, painted in the late 13th century. Nearby, the Basilica di Santa Chiara houses the wooden crucifix Francis is said to have heard speak to him, alongside the preserved remains of St. Clare herself, visible in a glass case in the crypt. In Piazza del Comune, the Temple of Minerva still stands with its original Roman columns intact, later converted into a church without removing the ancient facade. Above the town, the Rocca Maggiore fortress overlooks the Umbrian valley, and each May the streets fill for Calendimaggio, when two rival quarters of the town compete in medieval costume through song, archery, and processions that can take a full year to prepare for.

History of Assisi

Roman legions folded a small Umbrian settlement into their empire after the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC, erecting monuments like the Temple of Minerva that still anchor the main square. This period of classical stability fractured completely in 545 when the Goth Totila sacked the streets, dragging the hillside town into centuries of violent territorial disputes between Byzantine and Lombard rulers. Duke Conrad of Urslingen found himself fleeing for his life in 1198 when the local population finally lost patience with imperial rule. Citizens stormed the Rocca Maggiore, tearing the fortress apart stone by stone. This uprising sparked the commune era, initiating fierce, bloody rivalries with nearby Perugia. In November 1442, the mercenary commander Niccolò Piccinino laid siege to the town. A treacherous friar revealed a secret passage through the walls, allowing Piccinino's troops to flood inside and ravage the stone houses. The victorious commander received an offer of 15,000 florins from the Perugians to flatten Assisi entirely. He took the money but refused to destroy the architecture, packing up his army and leaving the buildings standing. Secret printing presses rarely sit inside tourist souvenir shops. Yet in the autumn of 1943, Luigi and Trento Brizi used their small store near Piazza Santa Chiara to manufacture forged identity documents for Jewish refugees. Following the armistice, Bishop Giuseppe Placido Nicolini and local clergy organised a massive rescue operation to hide over three hundred people in local cellars and convents. German Colonel Valentin Müller eventually declared the municipality a hospital town, ensuring not a single refugee was deported from the valley.

16 Events spanning 3000 years

YEAR -1000

The First Settlers

The hilltop area is settled by the ancient Umbri tribes during the Villanovian period, establishing a crucial trading post overlooking the valley.

YEAR -295

Roman Conquest at Sentinum

The Romans defeat the local tribes at the Battle of Sentinum, bringing the region under Roman control and naming the settlement Asisium.

YEAR -89

Rise of the Roman Municipium

Assisi is officially granted the status of a Roman municipium, ushering in an era of prosperity and the construction of massive civic monuments.

YEAR 238

The Martyrdom of San Rufino

Rufinus of Assisi, the city's patron saint and first bishop, is martyred for his faith, establishing the roots of Christianity in the region.

YEAR 545

The Sacking by Totila

The city is brutally sacked by the Ostrogothic King Totila during the Gothic War, marking a dark period of destruction and instability.

YEAR 1174

Conquest by Barbarossa

The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa conquers Assisi, claiming it as an imperial possession and installing a loyal duke to rule.

YEAR 1181

Birth of a Legend

A wealthy merchant's son, eventually known as Francis, is born in the city. He would grow up to completely revolutionize the Catholic faith.

YEAR 1198

The Citizens Rebel

Tired of imperial oppression, the citizens of Assisi rise up in rebellion, driving out the duke and establishing an independent medieval commune.

YEAR 1228

Canonisation of St. Francis

Pope Gregory IX officially canonises St. Francis and lays the foundation stone for the magnificent Basilica di San Francesco.

YEAR 1253

Completion of the Masterpiece

The breathtaking Basilica of San Francesco is completed, quickly becoming a canvas for master painters like Giotto to define early Renaissance art.

YEAR 1442

The Brutal Sack of Piccinino

The ruthless mercenary Niccolò Piccinino breaches the city walls with the help of a traitor, subjecting Assisi to a devastating and bloody sack.

YEAR 1818

The Miraculous Rediscovery

The hidden tomb and physical remains of St. Francis, concealed for centuries to prevent theft, are miraculously rediscovered beneath the basilica.

YEAR 1943

The Assisi Underground

Bishop Nicolini and local citizens establish a clandestine network, courageously saving over 300 Jewish refugees from the Holocaust.

YEAR 1987

World Day of Prayer for Peace

Pope John Paul II hosts the historic World Day of Prayer for Peace, gathering diverse global religious leaders in the spirit of St. Francis.

YEAR 1997

The Tragic Earthquake

A powerful earthquake strikes the Umbria region, causing the tragic collapse of the Upper Basilica's ceiling and destroying priceless frescoes.

YEAR 2000

UNESCO World Heritage Inscription

Assisi and its extensive Franciscan sites are officially inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognizing their immense global value.

Map of Assisi

Interactive Destination & Itinerary Map

This map blends our curated city guides—featuring best photo spots, scenic walks, viewpoints, hidden gems and much more—with a live Wikipedia explorer. Click on our numbered pins to plan your routes, or zoom in on the surrounding neighborhoods to discover verified local landmarks, museums, and stories with dynamic Wikipedia summaries and photos!

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Interactive map showing locations of 90 points in Assisi, attractions, parks and hidden gems among them.

Fun Facts

  • The original tomb of St. Francis was hidden so well to protect his relics from medieval grave robbers that it remained lost for nearly 600 years, only being rediscovered in 1818.
  • During World War II, a brave local network transformed Assisi into a safe haven for over 300 Jewish refugees, disguising them as monks and nuns and operating an underground school.
  • The city celebrates Mother's Day as one of the first places in Italy to do so, thanks to a local parish priest named Don Otello Migliosi who initiated the tradition in the hamlet of Tordibetto in 1957.
  • The breathtaking facade of the Santa Maria sopra Minerva church is actually a perfectly preserved ancient Roman temple dating back to the 1st century BC.
  • Assisi was built using the distinctive pink and white limestone from Mount Subasio, which gives the entire town a magical, glowing hue during sunset.
  • According to local legend, St. Francis was actually born in a tiny stable, a site now marked by the very small, humble Oratorio San Francesco Piccolino.

Did You Know?

  • The Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi is a masterpiece of medieval engineering and art, built on two distinct levels and housing frescoes that mark the crucial transition from Byzantine styles to the Renaissance.
  • In 2000, UNESCO designated the entire city of Assisi, the Basilica, and surrounding Franciscan sites as a World Heritage site, recognizing its unique synthesis of art, architecture, and history.
  • Assisi was an important Roman municipality called Asisium, evidenced by the remarkably intact Temple of Minerva and a vast underground Roman Forum situated directly beneath the modern town square.
  • The town is the spiritual epicentre of the Franciscan movement, a religious order that fundamentally reshaped the Catholic Church by emphasizing poverty, nature, and service to the marginalized.
  • During the devastating 1997 earthquake, the vaulted ceiling of the Upper Basilica collapsed, destroying priceless frescoes by Cimabue and Giotto, prompting one of the most intricate and advanced art restoration projects in modern history.

Videos of Assisi

Top Attractions in Assisi

Assisi Itineraries

TRIP PLANNER

2 Days Recommended

While many visitors only make a quick day trip, two days allow you to comfortably explore the major basilicas and wander the quiet medieval streets after the tour buses leave. It provides enough time to hike up to the Rocca Maggiore or Eremo delle Carceri without rushing. This duration lets you truly absorb the profound atmosphere and sample local Umbrian cuisine at a leisurely pace.

Food in Assisi

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Free Things to do in Assisi

Parks & Nature

Highlights & Must-Sees

Best Walks in Assisi

Hidden Gems in Assisi

Architecture & Landmarks

Markets & Shopping

Assisi Nightlife

Activities & Experiences

Cycling Routes

Self-Guided Tours

Annual Festivals & Events

Insider Tips

LOGISTICS

Start your exploration at the top of the town near Piazza Matteotti and walk downhill to save your energy on the steep, medieval streets.

ETIQUETTE

When visiting the basilicas, remember that a strict dress code is enforced; ensure your shoulders and knees are fully covered.

TRANSPORT

If arriving by train, purchase two bus tickets at the station's Tabacchi shop, one for the trip up to the historic centre and one for the return trip.

LOGISTICS

Avoid the peak midday crowds at the Basilica of San Francesco by visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the lighting on the frescoes is also spectacular.

PAYMENT

Tap your contactless card on the local 'C' bus for a quick and easy 1.30 Euro fare, saving you the hassle of finding a ticket machine.

LOGISTICS

Step away from the main thoroughfare of Via San Francesco to explore the quiet, winding alleys near the Church of Santa Maria delle Rose for crowd free photography.

PERFECT FOR

Assisi is perfect for spiritual seekers, history enthusiasts, and lovers of medieval architecture. It profoundly appeals to travellers looking for a peaceful, slow paced destination filled with art, culture, and deep reflection. Those who appreciate stunning panoramic valley views, excellent Umbrian food, and exploring layered historical sites will find this hilltop town incredibly rewarding.

VIBE

Assisi radiates a profound sense of tranquillity and timelessness, wrapped in the pale pink limestone of Mount Subasio. The narrow, winding alleys smell of old stone, burning incense, and fresh Umbrian cooking, creating an atmosphere that is both deeply spiritual and warmly welcoming. It feels like a sanctuary perched above the modern world, where the ringing of church bells dictates the gentle rhythm of daily life.

Frequently Asked Questions about Assisi

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