Parliament house in Canberra

Parliament House

1988 FOUNDED
38 YEARS OLD
3h EXPLORATION

Standing proudly atop Capital Hill, Parliament House is an architectural marvel that defines the Canberra skyline. Unlike imposing government buildings elsewhere, this structure is ingeniously built into the hillside, allowing visitors to walk across its grass covered roof, symbolising that the power belongs to the people. Inside, you will discover a collection of world class art, expansive marble foyers, and the chambers where Australia’s laws are crafted. It is a place where deep history meets modern governance, offering a rare opportunity to witness the beating heart of the nation’s political life. Whether you are marvelling at the massive tapestry in the Great Hall or watching democracy in action, a visit here provides a profound connection to the story of Australia.

Videos

History of Parliament House

The story of Parliament House began long before the first shovel hit the dirt. When the Australian colonies united in 1901, the fierce rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne prevented either from becoming the national capital. As a compromise, a new territory was carved out in the bush, and a competition was held to design a capital city. While the parliament met in a modest provisional building for over sixty years, the desire for a permanent, grand seat of government grew. It was not until the late 20th century that the decision was finally made to build on top of Capital Hill, the most prominent feature of the city landscape. Selecting the winning design was a monumental task, with hundreds of entries submitted from across the globe. The chosen vision by architect Romaldo Giurgola was revolutionary. Instead of creating a soaring monolith that dominated the environment, the design buried most of the structure into the hill itself. This approach was deeply symbolic. By capping the building with a vast lawn that the public could traverse, the architects created a physical metaphor where the people of Australia always stood above the politicians working inside. Construction was an immense undertaking, requiring the excavation of millions of cubic metres of rock and the sourcing of Australian granite from across the nation. When Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the building in 1988, it became more than just a place of lawmaking; it became a national icon. Inside, the design blended ancient concepts of democracy with the Australian landscape, using materials and colours that reflected the bush and the outback. While some critics argue that the modern layout prevents the informal corridor conversations that defined the old parliament, the building remains a powerful centre of national identity. Today, it stands as a testament to the nation's democratic journey, inviting visitors from all over the world to walk across its roof and explore the chambers where the future of the country is decided.

Events spanning 110 years

YEAR 1901

Federation of Australia

The Commonwealth of Australia is formed, leading to a long rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne over which should be the capital.

YEAR 1927

Opening of Old Parliament House

Provisional Parliament House, now known as Old Parliament House, opens its doors, providing a temporary home for the federal government.

YEAR 1981

Groundbreaking for the New Parliament House

Construction officially begins on the new Parliament House on Capital Hill after years of planning and competition.

YEAR 1988

Official Opening

Queen Elizabeth II arrives in Canberra to officially open the new, permanent home of the Australian Parliament.

YEAR 1992

Parliament House Intrusion

In a shocking security breach, a vehicle is driven through the front glass doors of the building into the Great Hall.

YEAR 2011

Solar Energy Integration

A new solar power project is commissioned, installing hundreds of panels on the roof and highlighting a commitment to renewable energy.

Fun Facts

  • Architects designed the structure to be buried in the hill, symbolising that the public walks above their elected representatives.
  • In the polished black and white marble floor of the main foyer, visitors can spot a fossilised ancient prawn embedded in the stone.
  • The Great Hall features a massive tapestry based on an Arthur Boyd painting, which is one of the largest tapestries in the world.
  • The House of Representatives chamber uses a muted green colour scheme inspired by eucalyptus leaves and the Australian bush.
  • The Senate chamber uses a deep red colour scheme reminiscent of the Australian outback and ochre earth.
  • The building cost over 1.1 billion dollars to construct, making it one of the most expensive projects in Australian history at the time.
  • The building features over 4,500 rooms, including offices for ministers and vast committee chambers.
  • The building was designed to last for a lifespan of 200 years, with structural engineering focused on extreme durability.
  • The forecourt mosaic, titled Possum and Wallaby Dreaming by Michael Nelson Jagamarra, is made of 90,000 granite pieces and represents an enduring Aboriginal connection to the land.
  • The massive flagpole towering above the building weighs 250 tonnes and flies a flag roughly the size of a double decker bus.
  • While the original design included a bomb shelter in the basement, it was ultimately deemed unnecessary and never constructed.

Parliament House FAQ

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Parliament House Map & Neighborhood Explorer

This interactive map is centered on Parliament House. Zoom in and move the map around to automatically discover Wikipedia photos and summaries of other nearby sights, monuments, and historical points of interest and stories in real-time!

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