Ussher fort in Accra

Ussher Fort

1649 FOUNDED
377 YEARS OLD
2h EXPLORATION

Ussher Fort stands as a silent sentinel in the heart of Accra, offering a profound glimpse into a complex colonial past. Originally constructed by the Dutch in 1649 as Fort Crèvecœur, this site has evolved from a strategic trading post into a significant landmark of heritage. Visitors can explore the walls that witnessed centuries of trade and conflict, providing a tangible connection to Ghana's layered history. The ongoing restoration, supported by international partners, is transforming this site into a vital museum and documentation centre for the region. It is a place that invites quiet reflection and provides a stark, important contrast to the vibrant energy of modern Accra.

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History of Ussher Fort

The story of Ussher Fort begins on a rocky point in Accra, nestled between two lagoons where the Dutch West India Company sought to cement its influence on the Gold Coast. Initially established as a modest factory in 1642, the site was fortified in 1649 and christened Fort Crèvecœur, named after a Dutch stronghold in 's-Hertogenbosch. This location was chosen for its strategic advantage, allowing traders to monitor coastal traffic and secure a foothold in the lucrative commerce that defined the era. For the Dutch, it was a pivotal asset that, while perhaps less grand than Elmina, generated consistent and significant revenue. The fort’s history is marked by the shifting tides of European colonial rivalry. By 1781, tensions between Britain and the Dutch Republic boiled over, leading to a daring naval expedition under Captain Thomas Shirley. In a swift series of strikes, the British captured several Dutch outposts, including Fort Crèvecœur, which faced destruction before later being rebuilt in 1839 by the master of works Hubertus Varlet. The site was later transferred to the British in 1868, eventually receiving its current name to honour Herbert Taylor Ussher, a colonial administrator who left an indelible mark on the region’s governance. Today, the legacy of Ussher Fort is undergoing a powerful transformation. No longer just a relic of colonial trade, the site is being restored with the support of UNESCO and the European Commission. This initiative aims to establish an International Documentation Centre, ensuring that the stories of those who passed through these walls are preserved with the dignity they deserve. The fort has also embraced a new chapter as a cultural beacon, notably hosting the annual Chale Wote Street Art Festival. This convergence of painful history and vibrant artistic expression makes it a site of immense significance for locals and visitors alike.

Events spanning 330 years

YEAR 1649

Establishment of Fort Crèvecœur

The Dutch West India Company constructs the site as a factory, later expanding it into a full fort named Fort Crèvecœur, marking the beginning of Dutch influence at this coastal point.

YEAR 1781

The British Naval Capture

During the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, Captain Thomas Shirley leads a naval expedition that captures the fort, leading to its destruction and a subsequent period of vacancy.

YEAR 1839

Reconstruction of the Fort

Master of works Hubertus Varlet oversees the reconstruction of the fort, restoring its structural integrity after decades of ruin.

YEAR 1868

Transfer to British Control

The Anglo-Dutch Gold Coast Treaty officially transfers control of the fort from the Dutch to the British, eventually leading to its renaming after colonial administrator Herbert Taylor Ussher.

YEAR 1979

UNESCO World Heritage Recognition

Recognising its immense historical importance regarding the colonial trade era in Africa, the site is inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Fun Facts

  • Before becoming a fortress, the site operated simply as a factory, serving as a trading outpost for the Dutch West India Company.
  • Captain Thomas Shirley, who captured the fort in 1781, was a Royal Navy officer whose expedition successfully took multiple Dutch outposts in a single campaign.
  • Restoration efforts currently underway are designed to convert the space into an International Documentation Centre to preserve local history.
  • The Dutch built a total of nine forts on the coast of Ghana, with Ussher Fort standing as one of the few that have survived in a condition suitable for preservation.
  • The fort has found a modern purpose as a unique and atmospheric venue for the annual Chale Wote Street Art Festival, blending the old with contemporary creativity.
  • The fort is part of a collective UNESCO listing that includes several other forts and castles along the Ghanaian coast, collectively telling the story of the transatlantic slave trade.
  • The fort was originally named after the Dutch city of 's-Hertogenbosch's famous Fort Crèvecœur, which played a crucial role in the Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch.
  • The site was renamed Ussher Fort to honour Herbert Taylor Ussher, a colonial administrator who served on the Gold Coast.
  • The strategic placement of the fort on a rocky point between two lagoons was a deliberate choice to dominate coastal trade routes.

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Ussher Fort Map & Neighborhood Explorer

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